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Apartheid was created in 1948. From 1948 to 1960 the policies and strategies of apartheid changed. It began as rules and regulations for example putting people into different groups based on their color and spiraled into violence, such as the massacre at Sharpsville. Over time the rules and severity of apartheid increasingly generated more violence. The government passed laws that were more restrictive and harsh, and the movement of the African National Congress (ANC) responded with violence. In 1952, the government passed a law called the Natives Act. It required all blacks to have a reference book when they turned sixteen. A reference book was a form of identification that would prove who they were and where they lived. It contained ninety-six pages with all sorts of information. The government was an increase of restriction due to apartheid for they just restricted the old law they had called Pass Laws. The Natives Laws humiliated the blacks. As it was exclusively applied to them, and not people of other ethnic backgrounds. The blacks had to carry the reference book around at all times and they nicknamed it “the stinker”. On the other hand whites were given an identity card which they did not have to carry it